Loop Cross
Skiing Cross-country
A cross-country skier in full flight can use up almost 1000 calories per hour. In terms of the effort required, the skills levels and the duration of some competitive races, there is little to compare with an international cross-country skiing event, and when combined with rifle shooting, as in the sport of biathlon, the demands become even more complex. But the sport does not have to be undertaken at such demanding levels. For people young and old, skiing through the snowy countryside at a relaxed pace provides beneficial levels of exercise, whilst at the same time introducing the participants to the spectacular scenery of the great outdoors.
The history of cross-country skiing is a long one, even having been recorded as a method of transport in prehistoric times. In Scandinavian countries they have documented use of the transport method as far back as the early 13th Century when it was used to track and hunt animals.
For the armed services, cross-country skiing is a fundamental part of basic training for any group that may have to operate in snow-covered terrain. As well as being a basic transport and survival technique it provides the environment for teamwork and physical exercise too. The sport is used so often in the disciplines of the armed services in so many countries, that the top athletes often hail from those groups. Another reason is that the training needs to be of such duration and usually in specific locations, that only the armed services have access to the facilities required to train and compete at the highest level.
Location is an important consideration for cross-country skiing, but the perceived requirement for picturesque, mountainous and wooded areas covered in fresh snow may be slightly misleading. Obviously in an ideal world anyone would choose to ski in locations that provide those kinds of conditions, but if they are not available, people can still ski. Unlike downhill skiing, cross-country skiing does not require any gradients, removing the need for it to be based in mountainous or hilly areas, nor does it need any infrastructure like lift systems, which again open up many more areas. For geographies without the benefit of regular snow, a variety of skiing called roller skiing is also an option. Here participants used skis fitted with wheels and are able to travel across grass and tarmac surfaces. Popular venues in the UK are around rowing lakes and in city parks where the terrain is often completely level and traffic free. As we will see later, indoor cross-country skiing is now also becoming a possibility.
Alongside marathon running, some of the world’s biggest mass-participation sports events are cross-country skiing races. In Norway, the annual Birkebeinerrennet, a popular 54 kilometer race, nearly always attracts a full field of 12,000 participants. The race has been held for the past sixty years and the rules require athletes to carry a back pack weighing 3.5 kg, simulating the weight of the small child who was heir to the Norwegian throne and had to be rescued in similar manner back in the 13th Century. The speed of the competitors has slowly increased over the years as technique and equipment has improved and in 2008 the winner completed the course in less than two and half hours. In Switzerland the 42km Engadin Ski Marathon also attracts 12,000 athletes, and Sweden’s equivalent race, the 90km Vasaloppet, held in the north west of the country during the first week of March, manages to attract a field of 15,000 skiers.
A new form of cross-country skiing is gaining in popularity with those less physically able. Skijoring is a derivative where the skier is assisted in forward motion by being pulled along behind a snowmobile or even by a small team of dogs.
Cross country skiing is even moving indoors now, with the development of technology that allows snow to be generated and maintained at temperatures low enough for it not to melt. In the UK, several snow centres have been built over recent years and, although they are primarily designed for downhill activities such as indoor skiing or indoor snowboarding, they can also be used as training venues for certain aspects of cross-country skiing. At The Snow Centre in Hemel Hempstead, one of the slopes is dedicated to cross-country ski training at certain times, when skiers can use the facilities to fine tune their climbing and descending technique.
Primarily in Finland, but also in Sweden and Germany, facilities called ski tunnels have also been built. In a similar way, these tunnels allow cross-country skiing on snow to be enjoyed all year round. In Germany, the DKB Skisporthalle in Oberdorf provides a track loop of almost 2 kilometers in length. In Torsby, Sweden the ski tunnel is 1.3 kilometers in length and claims to be the longest in the world. The world’s first ski tunnel was built at the Vuokatti Sports Institute, Finland in 1998.
With increased access to facilities and suitable locations, cross-country skiing may be set to increase in popularity as more people become aware of this enjoyable sport and its health benefits.
About the Author
Mark Bartley explains cross-country skiing and the trends seen today in the sport. Cross-country fans in UK can develop their indoor skiing skills at The Snow Centre, a recently opened indoor skiing complex near London.
RELOOP RMP3, Cross Media Player Loop feature Video 2
|
|
Cosplay Jewelry Lady Eardrop Cross Multi- Circles Long Loop Dangle Hook Earrings $0.61 |
|
|
Fashion Gold Eardrop Cross Multi- Circles Jewelry Long Loop Dangle Hook Earrings $1.50 |
|
|
Eardrop Black Grey connet Cross Circles Chain Loop Hook Dangle Earrings $0.30 |
|
|
STERLING SILVER 18X28MM OPEN RIBBON LOOPS CROSS PENDANT $38.74 |
|
|
Beaded Lanyard Eyeglass Holder Necklace – Cracked Blue Beads w/Silver Cross Loop $12.99 |
|
|
RPPC Rowend Loops,Ore Coast HWY B&W Cross Dimmitt Photo Unused Antique Postcard $7.66 |
|
|
Small Cross with chain loop Aprox 1 1/8″ x 5/8″ Older Looking $2.99 |
|
|
Stylish Men Women Hot 16g 1.2mm Round Loop Crucifix Cross Dangle Earrings 082 $7.64 |
|
|
Stretch rose lace gloves with criss cross finger loop. $13.00 |
|
|
16g 1.2mm Round Loop Crucifix Cross Dangle Earrings 597 $5.99 |
|
|
New 925 Sterling SilverSS 18X28MM OPEN RIBBON LOOPS CROSS PENDANT $45.38 |
|
|
Loop Style Cross Earrings Silver Religious $5.00 |
|
|
Native American Navajo Opal Sterling Silver Cross Dangle Loop Earrings NR $9.38 |
|
|
JEWELED RHINESTONE CROSS ORNAMENT~wall plaque~HANGING LOOP~deluxe~NEW~ $15.99 |
|
|
10K .25ct Diamond Hoop Earrings Cross Over Bypass Loop White Gold Traditional $399.99 |
|
|
LEATHER TRIFOLD BIKER WALLETS WITH CHAIN & BELT LOOP $12.75 |
|
|
Shinning Jewelry Connet Cross Circles Chain Loop Hook Dangle Earrings Fancy Gift $0.61 |
|
|
Black Leather Men’s Travel Cross Body Bag Organizer Belt Loop CELL PHONE POCKET $23.65 |
|
|
Amazing Black Grey connet Cross Circles Chain Loop Hook Dangle Earrings Jewelry $0.01 |
|
|
Black white cross loop semi-hoop studs CRYSTAL ear ring-white gold pt clear $3.99 |
|
|
Fashion Silver Connet Cross Circles Chain Loop Hook Dangle Earrings Amazing Gift $0.01 |
|
|
Fashion Cosplay Jewelry Lady Eardrop Cross Circles Loop Dangle Hook Earrings Hot $0.01 |
|
|
Fashion Gold Cross Multi-Circles Party Lovely Jewelry Loop Dangle Hook Earrings $0.06 |
|
|
16g 1.2mm Round Loop Crucifix Cross Dangle Earrings 082 $6.99 |
|
|
16g 1.2mm Round Loop Crucifix Cross Dangle Earrings 082 $6.99 |
|
|
Shinning jewelry Eardrop connet Cross Circles Chain Loop Hook Dangle Earrings $0.01 |
|
|
Fashion Lady jewelry Silver connet Cross Circles Chain Loop Hook Dangle Earrings $0.01 |
|
|
Womens Stainless Steel Christian Cross Loop Ring $4.99 |
|
|
Womens Stainless Steel Christian Cross Loop Ring $4.99 |
|
|
Womens Stainless Steel Christian Cross Loop Ring $4.99 |
|
|
Womens Stainless Steel Christian Cross Loop Ring $4.99 |
|
|
Western Cross Turquoise Peace Flexible Loop Cowgirl Pendant Jewelry $17.99 |
|
|
Gold Plated 316L Stainless New Combination Design Loop Cross Pendant Gift $0.99 |
|
|
Men String loop Cross Pendant Stylish Necklace $97.35 |
|
|
Men String loop Cross Pendant Stylish Necklace $97.35 |
|
|
Bulk of 4 earrings with posts, pearl, tulips,cross square and loops $0.99 |
|
|
The Walking Co. Cross body or belt loop purse, Free shipping!! $12.99 |
|
|
Vintage Silver Gothic Loop Cross Earrings Jewelry Sterling Silver Hooks NEW $0.25 |
|
|
MISSES EMPIRE WAIST CROSS OVER TANK TOP CARPENDER LOOP DRESS PATTERN S8-18 $6.99 |
|
|
sea blue cross loop semi-hoop studs CRYSTAL ear ring-aqua clear turquoise black $5.99 |
|
|
SALE! CROPPED WHITE TAKARA SIZE 9 PANTS GOLD ACCENTS AND CRISS CROSS BELT LOOPS $11.99 |
|
|
Small Tiny Brass Cow Bell with Swiss Cross and rust on the loop – natural Patina $11.39 |
|
|
Simple Silver Plated Medium Loop w/Cross Dangle Charm $5.05 |
|
|
Black Leather Men’s Travel Cross Body Bag Organizer Belt Loop CELL PHONE POCKET $21.99 |
|
|
Sterling Silver Link 26x14mm Cross 1 to 3 Loop/Drop(Q2) $8.99 |
|
|
Black Grey connet Cross Circles Chain Loop Hook Dangle Earrings $3.99 |
|
|
jewelry Eardrop connet Cross Circles Chain Loop Hook Dangle Earrings $3.99 |
|
|
Lady jewelry Silver connet Cross Circles Chain Loop Hook Dangle Earrings $3.99 |
|
|
Silver Jewelry Cross Multi- Circles Long Loop Dangle Hook Earrings $3.99 |
|
|
Gold Eardrop Cross Multi- Circles Jewelry Long Loop Dangle Hook Earrings $3.99 |
|
|
Jewelry Lady Eardrop Cross Multi- Circles Long Loop Dangle Hook Earrings $2.99 |
|
|
Vintage Silver Gothic Loop Cross Earrings Jewelry Sterling Silver Hooks NEW $1.00 |
|
|
Men String loop Cross Pendant Double Necklace #000857 $156.40 |
|
|
A3+ satin poster: CTA CROSS JUNCTION LOOP CHICAGO CITY $12.62 |
|
|
A2+ glossy poster: CTA CROSS JUNCTION LOOP CHICAGO CITY $18.94 |
|
|
Skechers Stretch Cross Strap Toe Loop wedge Sandals 8 Med Black / Green $18.99 |
|
|
Grunge Cross Size 1.75 Inch Tall + Loop, Jeans & Sweats Jewelry $15.00 |
|
|
14kt Gold Loop Cross Medal Jesus Christ $146.30 |
|
|
Gold Filled Loop Cross Pendant Jesus Christ $57.75 |
|
|
Ice Snow AB cross loop semi-hoop studs CRYSTAL ear ring-white gold plate clear $5.99 |
|
|
Sterling Silver Loop Cross Pendant Jesus Christ $52.15 |
|
|
Vintage Silver Gothic Loop Cross Earrings Jewelry Sterling Silver Hooks NEW $0.42 |
|
|
Priest set of embroidered crosses “Loop ” Light purple $85.00 |
|
|
Priest set of embroidered crosses “Loop” white $70.00 |
|
|
Vintage Silver Gothic Loop Cross Earrings Jewelry Sterling Silver Hooks NEW $0.12 |
|
|
MEPHISTO HELEN DARK BROWN EXOTIC CROC PRINT CROSS STRAP TOE LOOP 36 6 (1098)$155 $129.99 |
|
|
MEPHISTO HELEN DESERT BROWN BUFFALO LEATHER CROSS STRAP TOE LOOP 36 6 (1039)$155 $129.99 |
|
|
MEPHISTO HELEN DARK TAUPE SANDALBUCK NUBUCK CROSS STRAP TOE LOOP 36 6(1100) $155 $129.99 |
|
|
MEPHISTO HELEN PINK SANDALBUCK NUBUCK CROSS STRAP TOE LOOP 36 6 (1038) $155 $129.99 |
|
|
60 HOT Free PP Cross Loop Charms Pendants Beads 140077 $6.98 |
|
|
LEATHER BIKER MALTESE CROSS BELT LOOP CLIP PURSE $20.50 |
|
|
Men’s Cross Leather Belt Loop Tool Keeper Ring Holder key chain ring k112 $7.50 |
|
|
Men’s Cross Leather Belt Loop Tool Keeper Ring Holder key chain ring k112 $7.50 |
|
|
Men’s Cross Leather Belt Loop Tool Keeper Ring Holder key chain ring k112 $20.00 |
|
|
Men’s Cross Leather Belt Loop Tool Keeper Ring Holder key chain ring k112 $20.00 |
|
|
60 HOT Free PP Cross Loop Charms Pendants Beads 140077 $0.99 |
|
|
Vintage Fashion Cross Long Loop Chain necklace Free Shipping $0.01 |
|
|
AUSTRIA CANNON CROSS 1813 – 1814 (NO RIBBON AND NO LOOP) $205.37 |
|
|
Men String loop Cross Pendant Double Necklace #000857 $156.40 |
|
|
sea blue cross loop semi-hoop studs CRYSTAL ear ring-aqua clear turquoise black $3.99 |
|
|
Solid 14k Gold Loop Bow Gift Cross Pendant Jewelry $182.26 |
|
|
Gold Fill Sterling Silver Loop Cross Pendant Necklace $66.69 |
|
|
Sterling Silver Loop Bow 7/8″ Cross Pendant Necklace $59.70 |
|
|
Vintage Silver Gothic Loop Cross Earrings Jewelry Sterling Silver Hooks NEW $0.10 |
|
|
Beautiful Mother of Pearl Cross necklace from Israel. Sterling 18″ loop chain. $10.00 |
|
|
Hand-woven Cross Loop Beige New Zealand Wool Shag Rug (1’6 x 2’3) NEW! $26.99 |
|
|
New Rocki Gorman Antiqued Pueblo Silver Drop Loop Cross Earrings 2 3/4″ $129.00 |
|
|
USED SET 1″ LOOP 4″ Lg TRAILER and/OR CROSS TIE CHROME-NICKEL SNAPS $4.50 |
|
|
MEPHISTO HELEN KHAKI GREEN PATENT CROSS STRAP TOE LOOP 37 7 (1024) $155 $129.99 |
|
|
Vintage Silver Gothic Loop Cross Earrings Jewelry Sterling Silver Hooks NEW $0.06 |
|
|
Byzantine Bronze Cross with Loop, circa 7th – 11th Century AD $49.93 |
|
|
Stylish Men Women Hot 16g 1.2mm Round Loop Crucifix Cross Dangle Earrings 597 $7.64 |
|
|
Jewels PRESENT GIFT NECKLACE LOOP CROSS TWO TONE $35.00 |
|
|
16g 1.2mm Round Loop Crucifix Cross Dangle Earrings 082 $5.99 |
|
|
Green Pink cross loop semi-hoop studs CRYSTAL ear ring $5.99 |
|
|
Celtic Knot Loop Cross Silver Pewter Beaded Earrings $9.85 |
|
|
Sterling Silver Ribbon-loop Cross Pendant $24.99 |
|
|
BLACK FOX FUR SCARF COLLAR NECK PIECE w OPTIONAL CROSS OVER LOOP ~ HOLT RENFREW $34.99 |
|
|
MEPHISTO AFFIA OFF PEARL WHITE PATENT LEATHER CROSS STRAP TOE LOOP(#1017) 41 11 $179.99 |
|
|
MEPHISTO AFFIA DARK BROWN JUNGLE PATENT LEATHER CROSS STRAP TOE LOOP(#1015) 37 7 $179.99 |
|
|
3/8ctw White Gold Open Loop Cross Pendant $349 3/8ctw White Gold Open Loop Cross Pendant |
|
|
Loop X Bling Bling Cross & Chain $79 Loop X Bling Bling Cross & Chain |
|
|
Loop Cross Pendants – 14kt Gold Loop Cross Medal $322 Loop Cross Pendants – 14kt Gold Loop Cross Medal is available from jewelbasket.com for only $191.00. Buy now and save. Jewelbasket offers the best value on Religious Jewelry, jewelry and gifts. |
|
|
Loop Cross Pendants – Sterling Silver Loop Cross Pendant Including 18 Inch Necklace $70.65 Loop Cross Pendants – Sterling Silver Loop Cross Pendant Including 18 Inch Necklace is available from jewelbasket.com for only $45.00. Buy now and save. Jewelbasket offers the best value on Religious Jewelry, jewelry and gifts. |
|
|
Loop Cross Pendants – Gold Filled Loop Cross Pendant Including 18 Inch Necklace $79.28 Loop Cross Pendants – Gold Filled Loop Cross Pendant Including 18 Inch Necklace is available from jewelbasket.com for only $50.50. Buy now and save. Jewelbasket offers the best value on Religious Jewelry, jewelry and gifts. |
|
|
Gold Loop X Bling Bling Cross Piece & Chain $79 Gold Loop X Bling Bling Cross Piece & Chain |
|
|
Larry Levine Criss Cross Loop Pant $50 Criss cross loop pant with stitching detail. 71% Polyester 26% Viscose 3% Spandex. Machine Wash Cold. Available in Black or Sandy. Sizes 8-14. Click on Alternate View to see additional colors. Limited quantities – while supplies last. Not available in all sizes and colors. |
|
|
In The Loop $9.99 In The Loop |
|
|
Loop $6.99 Loop |
|
|
Loop Jump $101.96 Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. The Loop jump is a figure skating jump that takes off from a back outside edge and lands on the same edge. For a jump with counterclockwise rotation, this is the right back outside edge. It is named from its similarity to the loop compulsory figure. The invention is widely credited to Werner Rittberger, and the jump is also known as the Rittberger in Europe. However, evidence exists that it may have been first done as early as the 1880s. To do a loop jump, a skater typically does a 3 turn or mohawk turn onto a left back inside edge, then reaches into the circle on the right back outside edge while drawing the left foot (still on the ice) to cross in front of the right. The knees are deeply bent, so that it sometimes appears that the skater is almost in a sitting position. On the approach edge, the rotation is strongly checked with the shoulders facing into the circle. Author: Miller, Frederic P./ Vandome, Agnes F./ McBrewster, John Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 136 Publication Date: 2011/03/23 Language: English Dimensions: 5.98 x 9.02 x 0.32 inches |
|
|
Alternative Loop Rings $170 For the past ten years, alternative loop rings have intrigued mathematicians from a wide cross-section of modern algebra. As a consequence, the theory of alternative loop rings has grown tremendously. One of the main developments is the complete characterization of loops which have an alternative but not associative, loop ring. Furthermore, there is a very close relationship between the algebraic structures of loop rings and of group rings over 2-groups. Another major topic of research is the study of the unit loop of the integral loop ring. Here the interaction between loop rings and group rings is of immense interest. This is the first survey of the theory of alternative loop rings and related issues. Due to the strong interaction between loop rings and certain group rings, many results on group rings have been included, some of which are published for the first time. The authors often provide a new viewpoint and novel, elementary proofs in cases where results are already known. The authors assume only that the reader is familiar with basic ring-theoretic and group-theoretic concepts. They present a work which is very much self-contained. It is thus a valuable reference to the student as well as the research mathematician. An extensive bibliography of references which are either directly relevant to the text or which offer supplementary material of interest, are also included. |
|
|
Oxidized Sterling Silver Stigma Cross Loop Wallet Chain $24.99 Oxidized Sterling Silver Stigma Cross Loop Wallet Chain This brushed detail, dual row cross wallet chain features a row of twisted loops, paired with a row of antique style burnished silver tone crosses. Use as a wallet chain, or attach the ends to belt loops to accessorize pants or jeans. Specifications: Measures 18 Inches and Fits on Most Wallets, Oxidized Sterling Silver Plated, Lead Free, Copper, Tin and Zinc Alloy Metals Fashion Jewelry Accessory |
|
|
LOOP $2.16 Pricing subject to change. LOOP |
|
|
Coaxial Video Ground Loop Isolator $10.89 FeaturesBNC male to BNC female with mini cable 25 on both sides Passive, no power required Prevents video-signal distortion caused by video ground loops Eliminates picture tearing, cross talk and rolling Prevents power cables laid by others interfering with the CCTV systemBuilt in TVS (Transient voltage suppressors) for surge protectionAdditional FeaturesThe Video Ground Loop Isolator are passive devices which reduce Ground Loop Interference with CCTV signals and can easily install in a new or added to existing systems. It is useful where a video signal is transmitted via cable between points with different ground potentials,Differences in ground potentials are typically caused by unbalanced power line loads. |
|
|
Cross $21.9 Cross |